Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Internal Conflict within Hamlet through the first soliloquy Essay Example

Internal Conflict within Hamlet through the first soliloquy Essay The extract from line 129-159, Act 1 Scene 2 of William Shakespeares Hamlet, forms to be the first soliloquy of the drama and therefore appears in the beginning of the play. A soliloquy is a literary technique where the character is left alone on the stage and is able to express his thoughts clearly and directly. This technique enhances the text and succinctly yet powerfully exposes the mental compositions of the character, as in this soliloquy, Hamlets conflict over his contemplation of suicide. In addition to his internal conflicts, the soliloquy highlights important relationships such as between Hamlet, Gertrude and Claudius as well as bringing out the cultural setting of the drama, which consists of differences between the medieval and the renaissance era.This is the first soliloquy of Hamlet in the drama, and is therefore an essential tool in the introduction of Hamlets character as well as foreshadowing certain important themes which are going to be portrayed as the drama progr esses. Since dramas did not include any narrators, soliloquies were the medium through which the writer could show insight into a characters mind. Through the first soliloquy, Shakespeare has shown Hamlets contemplative character, due to all the thinking he does, such as thoughts about suicide and its consequences based on religious ideals. The first soliloquy also provides an insight into Hamlets disturbed mental condition, which is primarily a result of his fathers death and his mothers remarriage to Claudius.The cultural setting of Shakespeares Hamlet is well highlighted in the extract, since this soliloquy elucidates one of the major themes of Hamlet, i.e. Death and more specifically Suicide. Since Hamlet was written during a period of transition from the medieval era to the renaissance era, there existed cultural conflict in everyones mind as to what was right and wrong. This cultural conflict forms to be an important factor causing internal conflict in Hamlets mind since it br ings up confusion as to whether Hamlet is a Medieval or a Renaissance prince.The cultural conflict over Suicide existed because Christianity as a religion considered suicide a dreadful sin, as it can be seen in the extract that the Everlasting had not fixed His canon gainst self-slaughter. O God, God. Whereas the Renaissance ideals suggested that if a renaissance man was living an undignified and shameful life, he could commit suicide. Because of these two contrasting ideals, there existed turmoil in Hamlets mind as to whether he should commit suicide or not, since he was so outraged that he could not see any other outcome to his undignified life other than death.The theme of Death and Suicide can be seen in the first line of the soliloquy, where Hamlet suggests O, that this too too sullied flesh would melt, Thaw, and resolve itself into a dew. It can be seen that Hamlet wanted his body to fade away because he was going through a very painful phase in his life. His thoughts about su icide highlight another important aspect of the drama, i.e. Hamlets Melancholia. This extreme depression and sadness which was present within Hamlet was making him think that his life is weary, stale, flat, and unprofitable. It can be observed from this line that Hamlets mind was filled with negativity and pessimism.The setting of this Scene, i.e. Act 1 Scene 2, is that of celebration, happiness and positive atmosphere due to the election of the new King. The entire court is in a jovial mood; however, Hamlet calls his life life is an unweeded garden. By using this metaphor he reiterates his negative thoughts and inability to forget the past, his fathers death. It can be seen that Hamlet sees the world through a dark lens and therefore everything to Hamlet seems weary, stale, flat and unprofitable. Another aspect of this soliloquy is that Hamlet is shown to be mourning in deep pain and immense grief; however he notices that the others have moved on after Elder Hamlets Death. This occ urrence causes greater agony and misery in Hamlets mind since he believes that he is the only one who genuinely loved the previous King, Elder Hamlet.If the structure of this extract is observed, it can be seen that it consists of many exclamation marks, which suggests that the character performing the soliloquy is supposed to use a lot of expressive dialogues and gestures. The use of extensive expression shows that Shakespeare wanted the audience to realize that this was an extremely important part of the drama which would be foreshadowing various events which are going to occur as the plot progresses. The expressions also add to the seriousness of Hamlets agony and help the audience sympathize with him even more.The first soliloquy also plays an important role in presenting the state of the important relationships which existed in the drama. One of the prominent relationships highlighted in the first soliloquy is that of Hamlet and Gertrude. Gertrude is not shown to be neither a s tereotypical queen nor a stereotypical mother, who would mourn in grief of her husbands death as well as taking care of, supporting and consoling her son after his fathers death.Her character is shown to be a moderately corrupt character as she gets married to her husbands brother within two months of her husbands death, irrespective of this being unapproved by her son. This very well shows her unsupportive and uncaring behaviour. Her marriage to Claudius changes Hamlets perspective about Gertrude and Elder Hamlets Relationship as well. Hamlet knew that his father is deeply in love with Gertrude and would go to any extremes for her protection so loving to my mother, That he might not be teem the winds of heaven; Visit her face too roughly. After his fathers death, he observed his mothers mourning where she wept like Niobe, a mythological tragedy wherein a woman turned into a stone fountain due to her excessive weeping With which she followed my poor fathers body; Like Niobe, all tea rs..However, Hamlet then hints that his mothers sorrow and tears were all fake since she soon forgot all the sorrow and mourning for Elder Hamlet and married Claudius. Due to this behaviour of Gertrude, Hamlet compares his mother to a beast O God, a beast that wants discourse of reason Would have mourned longer. In the Elizabethan age, there existed a hierarchy which consisted of the Diuritas, Humanitas and Ferritas. Diuritas included the gods and the protean renaissance men, Humanitas consisted of the Humans who were given a position above the Beasts due to their ability of reasoning and intellectuality and lowest in the hierarchy were the Beasts. Hamlet is seen to be comparing his mother to a Beast and therefore degrading her to the lowest possible level in the Elizabethan hierarchy. Having such thoughts about his own mother shows the high degree of anger and frustration that was erupting within Hamlets mind.Shakespeare has used various elements for the enhancement and progression of the play out of which the motif of Misogyny is an important one. Shakespeare has shown Hamlet to have hatred for women as well as showing that Hamlet possesses a tendency to generalize certain things, such as the generalization of women, based on his mothers behaviour. It can be seen that Hamlet considered Gertrude to be corrupt and therefore felt immense hatred towards her; however, based on her character, Hamlet calls all the women frail Frailty, thy name is woman. This confirms that Hamlet considered all women degraded and deceptive, which is reinforced by his mothers false mourning and also explains Hamlets behaviour towards other female characters such as Ophelia, further in the play.The other relationship that is dealt with in the first soliloquy is that of Hamlet and Claudius, his step father. It can be seen that Hamlet is not yet over his fathers death, which could be a possible reason why he cannot accept Claudius as his new father, however, the fact that Claudius marri ed Gertrude and possesses a cheerful and content behaviour angers Hamlet. He cannot substitute Claudius at the same position where Elder Hamlet was and this can be clearly seen in the lines So excellent a King; that was to thisHyperion to a satyr. From this part of the soliloquy it can be seen that Hamlet compared his father, Elder Hamlet to Hyperion and Claudius to a Satyr. The Hyperion was the glorious mythological sun god, who was a symbol of reason and light, which adds a positive connotation to the character of Elder Hamlet however, comparing Claudius to a Satyr, which is again a mythological creature who is a half human and half goat and possesses a lustful and low character, adds a negative connotation to Claudius character. The half goat signifies the presence of a beast, which if referred to the Elizabethan Hierarchy, is at the lowest extreme. The beasts as stated by the Elizabethan hierarchy did not possess reason and the more a human would follow his path of desire and pa ssion, the closer he would be to the Ferritas level of the Elizabethan hierarchy. By comparing Claudius to a Beast in this soliloquy, Shakespeare has shown Hamlets insight into how he actually felt about Claudius and that he hated him even more than he hated his mother, Gertrude.Hamlet is shown to compare Claudius and Gertrude to beasts, however there exists irony since they are the King and Queen of Denmark and thereby should possess perfect characters and be included much higher in the Elizabethan Hierarchy. The King and Queen are role models for the common people and therefore should be a symbol of their culture and truth, however it is also suggested that their marriage is incestuous With such dexterity to incestuous sheets.By using this in Hamlets first soliloquy, Shakespeare has used conflict with the Elizabethan culture, which disapproved of incest, to show the negative characters of Claudius and Gertrude along with highlighting the fact that this newly wed couple will go aga inst the culture. The line It is not, nor it cannot come to good used by Hamlet in his first soliloquy show that Hamlet considers this marriage as an evil omen towards Denmark. This line also foreshadows that this marriage is an event that will in some way cause turmoil and chaos in the drama.All of these thoughts that Hamlet comes across are expressed in the form of a soliloquy simply because Shakespeare wanted the audience to understand that in spite of Hamlet being the central character of the drama, he could not express his views and opinions in front of everyone due to socio-cultural constraints such as his negative ideas towards Claudius could not be expressed publicly because Claudius was the King and his step father. Therefore Shakespeare has been able to convey certain important themes, relationships as well as insights of the central character, Hamlet in a very appropriate and clever way, i.e. through the first soliloquy.

Saturday, November 23, 2019

Uncle Toms Cabin Quotes

Uncle Toms Cabin Quotes Uncle Toms Cabin, by Harriet Beecher Stowe, is as famous as it is controversial. The book helped to flare up feelings for the slaves in the South, but some of the stereotypes have not been appreciated by some readers in more recent years. Whatever your opinion about Stowes romantic novel, the work is a class in American literature. Here are a few quotes from the book. Quotations Yes Eliza, its all misery, misery, misery! My life is bitter as wormwood; the very life is burning out of me. Im a poor, miserable, forlorn drudge; I shall only drag you down with me, thats all. Whats the use of our trying to do anything, trying to know anything, trying to be anything? Whats the use of living? I wish I was dead!- Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Toms Cabin, Ch. 2This is Gods curse on slavery!a bitter, bitter, most accursed thing!a curse to the master and a curse to the slave! I was a fool to think I could make anything good out of such a deadly evil.- Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Toms Cabin, Ch. 5If I must be sold, or all the people on the place, and everything go to rack, why, let me be sold. I spose I can bar it as well as any on em.- Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Toms Cabin, Ch. 5The huge green fragment of ice on which she alighted pitched and creaked as her weight came on it, but she staid there not a moment. With wild cries and desperate energy she leaped to another and still another cake;stumblingleapingslippingspringing upwards again! Her shoes are goneher stocking cut from her feetwhile blood marked every step; but she saw nothing, felt nothing, till dimly, as in a dream, she saw the Ohio side, and a man helping her up the bank.- Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Toms Cabin, Ch. 7 You ought to be ashamed, John! Poor, homeless, houseless creatures! Its a shameful, wicked, abominable law, and Ill break it, for one, the first time I get a chance; and I hope I shall have a chance, I do! Things have got to a pretty pass, if a woman cant give a warm supper and a bed to poor, starving creatures, just because they are slaves, and have been abused and oppressed all their lives, poor things!- Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Toms Cabin, Ch. 9I have lost two, one after another,left em buried there when I came away; and I had only this one left. I never slept a night without him; he was all I had. He was my comfort and pride, day and night; and, maam, they were going to take him away from me,to sell him,sell him down south, maam, to go all alone,a baby that had never been away from his mother in his life!- Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Toms Cabin, Ch. 9Her form was the perfection of childish beauty, without its usual chubbiness and squareness of outline. There was about it an undulating and aerial grace, such as one might dream of for some mythic and allegorical being. Her face was remarkable less for its perfect beauty of feature than for a singular and dreamy earnestness of expression, which made the ideal start when they looked at her, and by which the dullest and most literal were impressed, without exactly knowing why.- Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Toms Cabin, Ch. 14 We dont own your laws; we dont own your country; we stand here as free, under Gods sky, as you are; and, by the great God that made us, well fight for our liberty till we die.- Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Toms Cabin, Ch. 17I looks like gwine to heaven, ant thar where white folks is gwine? Spose theyd have me thar? Id rather go to torment, and get away from Masr and Missis. I had so.- Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Toms Cabin, Ch. 18When I have been travel ling up and down on our boats, or about on my collecting tours, and reflected that every brutal, disgusting, mean, low-lived fellow I met, was allowed by our laws to become absolute despot of as many men, women and children, as he could cheat, steal, or gamble money enough to buy,when I have seen such men in actual ownership of helpless children, of young girls and women,I have been ready to curse my country, to curse the human race!- Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Toms Cabin, Ch. 19One thing is certain,that there is a mustering among the masses, the world over; and there is a dis irae coming on, sooner or later. The same thing is working in Europe, in England, and in this country. My mother used to tell me of a millennium that was coming, when Christ should reign, and all men should be free and happy. And she taught me, when I was a boy, to pray, Thy kingdom come. Sometimes I think all this sighing, and groaning, and stirring among the dry bones foretells what she used to tell me was coming. But who may abide the day of His appearing?- Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Toms Cabin, Ch. 19 Im going there, to the spirits bright, Tom; Im going, before long.- Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Toms Cabin, Ch. 22There, you impudent dog! Now will you learn not to answer back when I speak to you? Take the horse back, and clean him properly. Ill teach you your place!- Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Toms Cabin, Ch. 23Its jest no use tryin to keep Miss Eva here. Shes got the Lords mark on her forehead.- Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Toms Cabin, Ch. 24O, thats what troubles me, papa. You want me to live so happy, and never have any pain,never suffer anything,not even hear a sad story, when other poor creatures have nothing but pain and sorrow, all their lives;it seems selfish. I ought to know such things, I ought to feel about them! Such things always sunk into my heart; they went down deep; Ive thought and thought about them. Papa, isnt there any way to have all slaves made free?- Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Toms Cabin, Ch. 24I told you, Cousin, that youd find out that these creatures cant be brought up without severity. If I had my way, now, Id send that child out, and have her thoroughly whipped; Id have her whipped till she couldnt stand!- Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Toms Cabin, Ch. 25 No; she cant bar me, cause Im a nigger!shed s soon have a toad touch her! There cant nobody love niggers, and niggers cant do nothin! I dont care.- Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Toms Cabin, Ch. 25O, Topsy, poor child, I love you! I love you, because you havent had any father, or mother, or friends;because youve been a poor, abused child! I love you, and I want you to be good. I am very unwell, Topsy, and I think I shant live a great while; and it really grieves me, to have you be so naughty. I wish you would try to be good, for my sake;its only a little while I shall be with you.- Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Toms Cabin, Ch. 25Topsy, you poor child, dont give up! I can love you, though I am not like that dear little child. I hope Ive learnt something of the love of Christ from her. I can love you; I do, and Ill try to help you to grow up a good Christian girl.- Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Toms Cabin, Ch. 27Delicacy! A fine word for such as she! Ill teach her, with all her airs, that shes no better than the raggedest black wench that walks the streets! Shell take no more airs with me!- Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Toms Cabin, Ch. 29 Now, Im principled against emancipating, in any case. Keep a negro under the care of a master, and he does well enough, and is respectable; but set them free, and they get lazy, and wont work, and take to drinking, and go all down to be mean, worthless fellows. Ive seen it tried, hundreds of times. Its no favor to set them free.- Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Toms Cabin, Ch. 29Im your church now!- Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Toms Cabin, Ch. 31Here, you rascal, you make believe to be so pious,didnt you never hear, out of your Bible, Servants, obey yer masters? Ant I yer master? Didnt I pay down twelve hundred dollars, cash, for all there is inside yer old cussed black shell? Ant yer mine, now, body and soul?- Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Toms Cabin, Ch. 33Poor critturs! What made em cruel?and, if I give out, I shall get used to t, and grow, little by little, just like em! No, no, Missis! Ive lost everything,wife and children, and home, and a kind Masr,and he would have set me free, if hed only lived a week longer; Ive lost everything in this world, and its clean gone, forever,and now I cant lose Heaven, too; no, I cant get to be wicked, besides all!- Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Toms Cabin, Ch. 34 When I was a girl, I thought I was religious; I used to love God and prayer. Now, Im a lost soul, pursued by devils that torment me day and night; they keep pushing me on and onand Ill do it, too, some of these days! Ill send him where he belongs,a short way, too,one of these nights, if they burn me alive for it!- Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Toms Cabin, Ch. 34Youre afraid of me, Simon, and youve reason to be. But be careful, for Ive got the devil in me!- Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Toms Cabin, Ch. 35How long Tom lay there, he knew not. When he came to himself, the fire was gone out, his clothes were wet with the chill and drenching dews; but the dread soul-crisis was past, and, in the joy that filled him, he no longer felt hunger, cold, degradation, disappointment, wretchedness.- Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Toms Cabin, Ch. 38From his deepest soul, he that hour loosed and parted from every hope in the life that now is, and offered his own will an unquestioning sacrifice to the Infi nite. Tom looked up to the silent, ever-living stars,types of the angelic hosts who ever look down on man; and the solitude of the night rung with the triumphant words of a hymn, which he had sung often in happier days, but never with such feeling as now.- Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Toms Cabin, Ch. 38 No, time was when I would, but the Lords given me a work among these yer poor souls, and Ill stay with em and bear my cross with em till the end. Its different with you; its a snare to you,its more n you can stand,and youd better go if you can.- Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Toms Cabin, Ch. 38Hark e, Tom!ye think, cause Ive let you off before, I dont mean what I say; but, this time, Ive made up my mind, and counted the cost. Youve always stood it out again me: now, Ill conquer ye, or kill ye!one or t other. Ill count every drop of blood there is in you, and take em, one by one, till ye give up!- Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Toms Cabin, Ch. 40Masr, if you was sick, or in trouble, or dying, and I could save ye, Id give ye my hearts blood; and, if taking every drop of blood in this poor old body would save your precious soul, Id give em freely, as the Lord gave his for me. O, Masr! dont bring this great sin on your soul! It will hurt you more thant will me! Do the worst you can, my troub lesll be over soon; but, if ye dont repent, yours wont never end!- Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Toms Cabin, Ch. 40 There ant no more ye can do! I forgive ye, with all my soul!- Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Toms Cabin, Ch. 40Do tell us who is Jesus anyhow? Jesus, thats been a standin by you so, all this night!Who is he?- Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Toms Cabin, Ch. 40Dont call me poor fellow! I have been poor fellow; but thats all past and gone, now. Im right in the door, going into glory! O, Masr George! Heaven has come! Ive got the victory!the Lord Jesus has given it to me! Glory be to His name!- Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Toms Cabin, Ch. 41I dont sell dead niggers. You are welcome to bury him where and when you like.- Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Toms Cabin, Ch. 41Witness, eternal God! Oh, witness, that, from this hour, I will do what one man can to drive out this curse of slavery from my land!- Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Toms Cabin, Ch. 41It was on his grave, my friends, that I resolved, before God, that I would never own another slave, while it is possible to free him; that nobody, throug h me, should ever run the risk of being parted from home and friends, and dying on a lonely plantation, as he died. So, when you rejoice in your freedom, think that you owe it to the good old soul, and pay it back in kindness to his wife and children. Think of your freedom, every time you see UNCLE TOMS CABIN; and let it be a memorial to put you all in mind to follow in his steps, and be as honest and faithful and Christian as he was.- Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Toms Cabin, Ch. 44 A day of grace is yet held out to us. Both North and South have been guilty before God; and the Christian church has a heavy account to answer. Not by combining together, to protect injustice and cruelty, and making a common capital of sin, is this Union to be saved,but by repentance, justice and mercy; for, not surer is the eternal law by which the millstone sinks in the ocean, than that stronger law, by which injustice and cruelty shall bring on nations the wrath of Almighty God!- Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Toms Cabin, Ch. 45

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Macro11C Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Macro11C - Essay Example The higher the RR, the lower the amount of money lent by banks and vice versa. 3) Federal funds rate (FFR): The FFR refers to the rate at which banks lend each other money overnight in order to maintain the reserve requirement. If the FFR is high, banks would be unwilling to lend beyond the reserve requirement and vice versa. 4) Discount rate (DR): The DR refers to the rate that the federal reserve charges the bank if it wants to borrow money from it in case when the money is not available to be borrowed from other banks. The DR is usually higher than the FFR. The open market operations are the most widely used tool for controlling the money supply in the market. The decisions for these open market operations are made during the Federal Open Market Committee meetings which since 1981 have been held 8 times at regularly scheduled times each year. These open market operations change the money supply without impact the money multiplier. The most powerful tool that the Fed has to control the monetary policy is the Reserve Requirement. Changing the RR not only impacts the money supply but also the money multiplier as it directly influences the bank lending. ... Easy money policy: To fight recessions, the Fed can use its monetary policy tools to increase the growth of money and credit, which tends to lower interest rates and spur growth of the economy. This monetary policy is said to be easy or expansionary. Tight money policy: To restrain inflation, the Fed can use its monetary policy tools to reduce the growth of money and credit, which tends to raise interest rates and slow the growth of the economy. This monetary policy is said to be tight or contractionary. For the easy money policy, first the MS increases which causes the interest rate to decrease which causes the amount of investment to increase. This causes AD to increase leading to a higher real GDP and a little inflation. The implementation in reality is done by the Fed by buying securities from banks and/or reducing the reserve ratio for banks, the FFR and the DR. For the tight monetary policy, first the MS decreases which causes the interest rate to increase which causes the amou nt of investment to decrease. This causes AD to decrease leading to a lower real GDP and a decrease in price levels. The implementation in reality is done by the Fed by selling securities from banks and/or increasing the reserve ratio for banks, the FFR and the DR. Q3: Comment on the theory underlying the use of a monetary rule by the Federal Reserve. Does the use of such a rule seem appropriate under current economic conditions? Explain. The theory underlying the ue of monetary policy by the Federal Reserve is also known as the Taylor Rule. It is an interest rate forecasting model invented by John Taylor in 1992 and described in his 1993 study called â€Å"Discretion Vs. Policy Rules in Practice". In general, the Taylor rule mean that for a 1% increase in

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Improving Decision Making in the Coca-Cola Company Case Study

Improving Decision Making in the Coca-Cola Company - Case Study Example The experience of Coca-Cola which is discussed above has become a classic marketing tale documenting the mistakes that managers can make in their decision-making process. The failure of Coca-Cola can be largely attributed to two factors namely, narrow definition of its marketing research problem and poor judgment in interpreting the research planning strategies around it (Kotler and Armstrong 2001). The experience of Coca-Cola which is discussed above has become a classic marketing tale documenting the mistakes that managers can make in their decision-making process. The failure of Coca-Cola can be largely attributed to two factors namely, narrow definition of its marketing research problem and poor judgment in interpreting the research planning strategies around it (Kotler and Armstrong 2001). Managers became narrow-minded and myopic in diagnosing the problem that Coca-Cola was facing. Instead of looking at all the factors which may be influencing the buyers in their purchases, thes e managers only look at the taste of the product. Their research has focused only at the taste ignoring the customers’ feelings about dropping the product. It turned out that Coke’s symbolic meaning in the United States is more important than taste. Coca-Cola’s managers also failed to use wise judgment in the introduction of New Coke. Even though their decision of dropping the old Coke is warranted by the 60% acceptance rate of the new formula, they did not anticipate that the 40% might still like the old Coke better.  Conclusion Decision-making process must not be too narrow to overlook some of the important factors and details. As the situation of Coca-Cola shows us, managers should always avoid hasty generalizations and marketing myopia. In the business environment, decisions should always be grounded on all the factors affecting performance. Focusing on one aspect only will yield a one-sided and inadequate decision.

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Tinnitus And The Psychology Of Hearing Essay Example for Free

Tinnitus And The Psychology Of Hearing Essay â€Å"Tinnitus is the subjective sensation of noise—usually described as ringing, hissing, buzzing, roaring, chirping, or clicking sounds—in the ears that cannot be attributed to any external sound† (Hannan, Sami, Wareing, 2005; Lalwani, Snow, 2005). The American Tinnitus Association (2007) estimates that about 50 million Americans experience tinnitus, with men affected more than women (Lockwood, Salvi, Burkard, 2002). â€Å"Twenty-five percent of these individuals suffer from severe enough tinnitus to prompt medical consultation†. Although a relatively common condition, the mechanisms of tinnitus are as yet poorly understood (Lalwani et al, 2005; Lockwood et al, 2002). â€Å"As discussed by Lockwood and associates (2002), there are currently two schools of thought that offer contradictory explanations as to the origin of tinnitus†. On the one hand are those who forward the hypothesis that tinnitus is mainly due to a cochlear pathology, as evidenced by the high incidence of cochlear damage in individuals with tinnitus. This is countered on the other hand by those who propose a central nervous system origin of tinnitus, as implied by the observation of tinnitus in patients with complete transections of the auditory nerve (Lockwood et al, 2002). The present paper is a review of the physiology of hearing, and an attempt to correlate it with tinnitus. Hearing is a function subserved peripherally by the ears and the auditory nerve (cranial nerve VIII), and centrally by the transverse temporal gyri of the temporal lobe (Willis, 2004). These structures altogether make up the auditory system, which primarily functions in the transduction of sounds emanating from the environment. The peripheral auditory apparatus—that is, the ear—â€Å"acts as the interface between the external environment and the individual†. Sound—actually wave vibrations—enters the external auditory canal and sets the tympanic membrane in motion. This, in turn, moves the ossicles—the maleus, incus and stapes—which causes pressure changes in the fluid-filled inner ear. Clearly, from the external environment to the inner ear, sound is carried as wave vibrations, transmitted initially through solids—cartilage and bone—and later through a fluid media—the perilymph and endolymph. The efficiency of this process—a transfer of energy from air, through solids, then through fluids—is ensured by the tympanic membrane and the ossicles, which act as an impedance-matching device (Lalwani et al, 2005). From the internal ear to the central nervous system, on the other hand, sound is interpreted as gradients of electron charges across membranes. The inner ear—principally the cochlea—is a complex composed of the bony and membranous labyrinths. The bony labyrinth component of the cochlea includes several chambers, namely the scala vestibuli and the scala tympani. The scala vestibuli connects with the vestibule and the oval window, whereas the scala tympani connect with the round window. These two chambers merge at the helicotrema, located at the cochlear apex. The membranous labyrinth component of the cochlea is the scala media, which is located between the scala vestibuli and scala tympani. As mentioned previously, the inner ear is a fluid-filled structure. Specifically, the scala vestibuli and the scala tympani are filled with perilymph, which resemble cerebrospinal fluid, while the scala media is filled endolymph, which resembles intracellular fluid (Willis, 2004). Within the cochlea is located the organ of Corti, the neural apparatus responsible for sound transduction, which is composed of several thousand hair cells, the sensory receptors for sound. At the apex of each hair cell are stereocilia, and at the base are nerve fibers that belong to the cochlear division of the eighth cranial nerve. The sound wave transmitted by the middle ear case fluid movements within the bony labyrinth, and part of the hydraulic energy of these fluid movements result in displacement of the organ of Corti. The stereocilia are deformed or bent by the shear forces produced by this relative displacement. The current concept of cochlear transduction is that displacement of the tips of the stereocilia, especially if this displacement is toward the tallest cilium (Willis, 2004), allows potassium to flow into the cell, resulting in its depolarization (Lalwani et al, 2005; Ricci, Kachar, Gale, Van Netten, 2006). The influx of potassium opens calcium channels near the base of the cell, stimulating transmitter release, thought to be glutamate or aspartate (Willis, 2004; Lalwani et al, 2005; Ricci et al, 2006), and firing of the cochlear nerve fibers. This discharge is transmitted to, from peripheral to central, the dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei, trapezoid body, superior olivary complex, lateral lemniscus, inferior colliculus, medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus (which gives rise to the auditory radiation), and ends in the auditory cortex located in the transverse temporal gyri of the temporal lobe (Willis, 2004; Lalwani et al, 2005). The end-result of all these is the perception of sound. The subjective perception of sound that is tinnitus could theoretically originate anywhere along the length of the auditory system. However, since the sound heard of individuals suffering from tinnitus is not attributable to any external source, the origin of tinnitus could be limited to the cochlea, specifically the organ of Corti, and the central nervous sytem (Lockwood et al, 2005). Cochlear damage, specifically damage to the hair cells of the organ of Corti, was initially believed to cause tinnitus (Eggermont, 1990; Zenner Ernst, 1993). Although auditory receptor cells have been documented to regenerate and subsequently recover functionally after damage in many vertebrates (Goode, Carey, Fuchs, Rubel, 1999; Stone Rubel, 2000; Zakir Dickman, 2006), spontaneous regeneration of mammalian hair cells does not occur (Zakir et al, 2006). Damage to hair cells, especially through prolonged exposure to supraphysiologic sound levels, may result to transmission of depolarization within the hair cell, and, thus, false perception of sound in the absence of an external source of the same. In contrast to this proposition was the hypothesis forwarded by Lockwood and companions (2002), which attributes tinnitus to central nervous system defects. â€Å"They propose that hearing loss results to reorganization of the pathways in the central auditory system†, which lead to abnormal interactions between auditory and other central pathways, as is seen in neuropathic pain. An example of this phenomenon is gaze-evoked tinnitus, â€Å"where lateral eye movements fail to produce the inhibition of the auditory cortex observed in controls†. It was proposed that the absence of this phenomenon may contribute to the false perception of sounds, that is, tinnitus (Lockwood et al, 2002). It was contended that this explanation accounted for the perception of tinnitus in individuals whose auditory nerves have already been previously transected. Lockwood and associates (2002), citing from Levine (1999), also forwarded the explanation that tinnitus results from a reduction in auditory-nerve input, â€Å"which leads to disinhibition of the dorsal cochlear nucleus and an increase in spontaneous activity in the central auditory system†. This mechanism was proposed to explain tinnitus experienced by normal individuals following exposure to noise, or placement in total silence. REFERENCES American Tinnitus Association (2007). About tinnitus. Retrieved April 3, 2007, from http://www.ata.org/about_tinnitus/consumer/faq.html#1. Eggermont JJ (1990). On the pathophysiology of tinnitus: a review and a peripheral model. Hear Res, 48, 111-24. Goode CT, Carey JP, Fuchs AF, Rubel EW (1999 March). Recovery of the vestibulocolic reflex after aminoglycoside ototoxicity in domestic chickens. J Neurophysiol, 81(3), 1025-35. Hannan SA, Sami F, Wareing MJ (2005, 29 January). 10-minute consultation: tinnitus. BMJ, 330, 237. Lalwani AK, Snow JB (2005). Disorders of smell, taste, and hearing. In DL Kasper, E Braunwald, AS Fauci, SL Hauser, DL Longo, JL Jameson (Eds.), Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine (16th ed.) (pp.176-185). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division. Levine RA (1999). Somatic (craniocervical) tinnitus and the dorsal cochlear nucleus hypothesis. Am J Otolaryngol, 20, 351-62. Lockwood AH, Salvi RJ, Burkard RF (2002, 19 September). Current concepts: tinnitus. N Engl J Med, 347(12), 904-910. Radeloff A, Smolders JW (2006, May). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor treatment does not improve functional recovery after hair cell regeneration in the pigeon. Acta Otolaryngol, 126(5), 452-9. Ricci AJ, Kachar B, Gale J, Van Netten SM (2006). Mechano-electrical transduction: new insights into old ideas. J Membr Biol, 209(2-3), 71-88. Smith ME, Coffin AB, Miller DL, Popper AN (2006, November). Anatomical and functional recovery of the goldfish (Carassius auratus) ear following noise exposure. J Exp Biol, 209(Pt 21), 4193-202. Stone JS, Rubel EW (2000, 24 October). Cellular studies of auditory hair cell regeneration in birds. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 97(22), 11714-21. Willis WD (2004). The special senses. In RM Berne, MN Levy, BM Koeppen, BA Stanton (Eds.), Physiology (5th ed.) (pp. 118-154). Missouri: Mosby. Zakir M, Dickman JD (2006, 15 March). Regeneration of vestibular otolith afferents after ototoxic damage. J Neurosci, 26(11), 2881-93. Zenner HP, Ernst A (1993). Cochlear-motor, transduction and signal-transfer tinnitus: models for three types of cochlear tinnitus. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol, 249, 447-54.

Friday, November 15, 2019

Financial Analysis Of Krispy Kreme Doughnuts Inc Finance Essay

Financial Analysis Of Krispy Kreme Doughnuts Inc Finance Essay Krispy Kreme Financial Analysis Krispy Kreme Doughnuts Inc is business that is involved in retail and wholesale of packaged sweets and doughnuts. Its initial business is franchising and also owning Krispy Kreme stores. At the beginning of 2010, they had 224 outlets in America and 358 shops all over the world. The company has four segments of operation; company stores, KK supply chain, international franchise stores and also stores franchised in America. In Krispy Kreme depreciation analysis, there are various methods used to calculate depreciation and these methods include; units of production, double declining balance and straight line (Warren 2008). Krispy Kreme uses the straight line method to calculate depreciation on their assets such as buildings, equipment, machinery and also leasehold equipments. The straight line method of calculating depreciation results in a constant annual depreciation charge.They make a breakdown of depreciation of all their assets and it consists of buildings, equipment, machinery, leasehold improvement, construction that are in progress and also land. In 2002, the total gross property and equipment was $156,484,000 and in 2003 it was $252,770,000. What had accumulated depreciation was $43,907,000 in 2002 and $50,212,000. Finding the net property and equipment is calculated by taking the gross amount for equipment and property and subtracting the depretiation that has accumulated. Krispy Kreme also uses SFAS-142 to account for all the intangible assets. In this method, intangible assets that have indefinite life are not amortized, since they will be subject to impairment test. By using SFAS-142 it results in more volatility in the reported income since impairment losses can occur irregularly in varying amounts. In the reports it is clear that, in reporting Operating Cash Flows Krispy Kreme uses the Indirect Method. In 2001 the money that was provided for operating activities was $32,112, 000 and the money allocated for dividends was $7,005,000. The money that was used for operating activities was more than the paid for dividends. The company decided it will pay cash dividends in 2002 and 2003. The item used in reconciling the difference that is between net income and cash flow from operations is the increase from expenses of $7,966,000, while in 2002, the highest value item in reconciling the difference between net income and cash flow from operations was $13,317,000 increase in receivables; in 2003, the highest value item that was used to reconciling the difference between net income and cash flow from operations is the tax benefit from the exercise of nonqualified stock options which was $13,795,000. The highest amount for investing activities was $37,310 for additions to property and equipment. In 2003, the highest amount for investing activities is $83,196 and was used for additions to property and equipment. So, cash outflow in investing activities increased in 2003. The highest amount for financing activities in 2002, is the cash inflow of $17,202 these are the proceeds from stock sale. In 2003, the highest amount for financing activities is the $2,170 cash outflow that is meant to repay the companies long term debt. There is an improvement in Liquidity from 2002 to 2003, this is evident by the increase in the cash flow provided to operating activities which increased from $36,210 in 2002 to $51,036 in 2003. The Company funds the capital requirements by using the cash that is generated from the business operations. As it is well stated in the report, We funded our capital requirements for fiscal 2000, 2001, and 2002 primarily through cash flow generated from operationsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.Over the past three years, we have greatly improved the amount of cash we generate from operations. We believe our cash flow generation ability is becoming a financial strength and will aid in the expansion of our business. By the using the financial ratios, Krispy Kreme has a good financial healthy with a lot of growth prospects in the market; in using the Liquidity Ratios, The Companys Current ratio has grown from 1.94 in 2002 to 2.36 in 2003. The Quick ratio has grown from 1.63 for 2002 to 1.96 for 2003. Cash ratio has grown from 0.42 for 2002 to 0.54 for 2003. The increase in liquidity ratios in the years 2002 and 2003 is an indicator that company has improved in ability to repay short term debt and also good message to the company investor and prospective investors. In the Long Term Solvency Ratios, the Total Debt ratio for Krispy Kreme has grown from 0.27 for 2002 to 0.33 for 2003, and the Debt-to-Equity ratio has grown from 0.36 for 2002 to 0.50 for 2003. An increase in Debt-to-equity ratio is an indicator that company uses debts to run its operation. As the cost of debt is less than the cost of equity so WACC of the company will reduce down. A high debt-to-equity ratio puts a company at the risk of solvency if the debt is not managed. The Times Interest earned ratio has dropped from 127.25 for 2002 to 31.75 for 2003. High increase in debt-to-equity ratio and drop in Times Interest earned ratio are indicators that the company ability to pay its long term debt is put into question. The Asset Utilization Ratios for Krispy Kremes Inventory Turnover, has decreased from 22.49 for 2002 to 18.83 for 2003 and the Day Sales for Inventory has increased from 18.61 for 2002 to 23.31 for 2003. This is an indicator the inventory is not as well managed in 2003 as it was done in 2002. The Receivables Turnover ratio has decreases from 16.87 for 2002 to 16.05 for 2003 and the Day Sales in Receivables has increased from 24.89 for 2002 to 25.52 for 2003. The Total Assets Turnover ratio has also deteriorated from 1.85 in 2002 to 1.48 in 2003. The ratio indicates efficiency of utilization of assets has reduced in 2003. In the Profitability Ratio for Krispy Kreme, although the companys Profit Margin has increased from 6.69% for 2002 to 6.81% for 2003, the Return on Assets has declined from 10.33% to 8.16%, and also the Return on Equity have also gone down from 14.06% to 12.25%. But EPS of Krispy Kreme has increased from 0.49 for 2002 to 0.61 for 2003, which is a rise of 24.5%. Companys profit margin and EPS have both increased in 2003 when compared to 2002; this is even when the increase in profit margin is not significant. Krispy Kreme has been able to generally control its costs of sales. The Costs of sales are growing slower than the growth in sales. The growth in the operating expenses is less than growth of sales in both years 2002 and 2003. In 2002 and 2003 percentage increase in income tax is higher than percentage change in sales. The Net profit increase in percentage terms is more than the increase in the amount of sales increase. This is an indicator that there is an efficient operation of Krispy Kreme. Increase in percentage of the General and Administrative Expenses is more than increase in sales in both years 2002 and 2003. The company say that this is the case due to the massive expansion program that they have embarked on and thus they have incurred cost by hiring more employees by paying their salaries and other related costs. The number of shares which are outstanding has increased from 54,271 thousand to 56,295 thousand in 2003; this is a rise of 3.73%. Krispy Kreme has allowed 10,000 shares of preferential stock but has not gone forward to issue them. There have not been any dividend payments since 2001 by Krispy Kreme. Therefore the Yield from Dividend s is 0% for 2002 and 2003. There is an increase in Earnings per share from $0.49 for 2002 to $0.61 in 2003; this is an evidence of potential for the growth of the company. The assets of the company have also grown in 2003. This helps to indicate that Krispy Kremes stock is a Growth Stock and helps to explain the investors have not been paid any dividend. This is well stated in the report as is well explained, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦We intend to retain our earnings to finance the expansion of our business and do not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable futureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Dividend Payments are restricted by our bank credit facilitie s to 50% of our net income for the immediately preceding fiscal year Like a lot of companies globally, there is an increase in the number of challenges that affect operations of all companies in the market. Some of the challenges that are facing Krispy Kreme are; increase in competition, there are changes in customer preferences and tastes, the abilities of Krispy Kreme to manage growth, the quality of the franchise stores that are in operations, also the delays in the opening of stores and changes in technology. The price and also the availability of the raw materials necessary to run their operations is also a major challenge to Krispy Kreme. The human resource that is hired by the company is the most important asset and thus they should ensure that they help the company to overcome all the challenges. The staff must work hard by developing strategies that position Krispy Kreme for success in the future. The management must drive the company to success, this will be possible by the managing accounting ensuring they maintain well and report all the f inancial results to the managers. These reports should be both nonfinancial and financial reports and in them they should include; projections, company estimates and forecasts. Krispy Kreme is a company that is growing well and has a health financial position. The company has a solid capital investment worldwide and its cash flow is commendable. The cash flow is used to fund a lot of operations and is very important to the company. The Improvement in liquidity ratio is a good sign for the company and a growth by 24.5% in EPS shows that the company is growing. The decision by the company not to pay dividend in 2002 and 2003 is wise since the company has embarked on expansion program. The major concern is the ability of the company to service its long term debts; the company should also improve its utilization of assets and efficiently manage its inventory.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Different Cultural Practices in the Philippines

Christille Lindy Joyce D. Caluyo BMLS II-A 1) Different cultural practices in the Philippines which could affect our health. Herbalaryo/Arbolaryo/Witch-Doctors †¢ Filipinos believe that some illnesses are caused by evil spirits that enter the body which are cast by â€Å"Manga ga mud†. †¢ â€Å"Manga ga mud† casts spells on people if they are jealous or disliked. They take personal items such as, clothing, a brush (to obtain a piece of hair), pictures, jewelry, etc. It is also done by food poisoning. †¢ These people who became sick / cursed ask help from herbalaryo/arbolaryo. They are also called witch-doctors. The herbalaryo may treat â€Å"Manga ga mud† by gathering unmarried individuals, and a bag of rice. †¢ This treatment involves a night of ritual sprinkling of rice, dining and dancing to Filipino music. †¢ After the night of festivities, everyone will say a Filipino prayer for the person who has been cursed. They believed that this treatment would remove the curse from the affected person. Halaman (Medicinal Herbs & Plants) †¢ Filipinos also believe in the healing effects of nature. †¢ Medicinal herbs & plants like ginger, garlic, and chives are used to treat different sickness. Religion †¢ Filipinos believe that religion is closely tied to health.Younger Filipino gives importance to prayer. †¢Filipinos are religious people that they entrust their health to their faith. †¢Prayer also has a role in the understanding of health. Regardless of how religious each age category, there is a consistent belief that God is present at work in times of illness. †¢In the case of terminal or serious illness, Filipino accepts the situation in a sense that â€Å"it is God’s will. Superstitious Beliefs †¢Many of Filipino’s believe on superstitious things such as if you comb your hair at the night, someone will die or eating twin bananas will helmyou conceive a twin. These belie fs are not scientifically proven and can only be supported by the word of our ancestors. †¢Maybe these things occur because of coincidence, just like when someone died because he is ill then they blame it for combing their hair and the word spread all over the nation. 2) Different religious practices that can affect our health. †¢Religious beliefs cause patients to forego needed medical care, refuse life-saving procedures, and stop necessary medication—choosing faith instead of medicine. Religion can cause people to be judgmental and lead to alienation or exclusion of those not playing â€Å"by the rules. † †¢If physical healing does not come immediately, the person may be disappointed and disheartened and claims that the prayer was not answered and that God does not care, and worse that the illness was sent by an angry, vengeful God as a punishment. †¢Religion may become so rigid and inflexible that it becomes excessively restricting and limiting. †¢Religion may encourage magical thinking as people pray for and expect physical healing. Jehovah's Witnesses may refuse life-saving blood products, and some Christian Scientists may avoid seeing Healthcare Provider because they rely on prayer instead. †¢Patients may stop their medications after attending a healing service in order to â€Å"demonstrate their faith†. †¢People believe that being spiritually healthy could lead you to a healthy body. †¢People would pray always and avoid being problematic. Sources: http://www. hawcc. hawaii. edu/nursing/tradfil2. htm http://www. spirit-health. org/resources_detail. asp? q=12 http://www. esipa. org/happening/documents/Culture_Health_Report. pdf

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Proverbs Essay

Proverbs Essay A Man of Wisdom The book of Proverbs describes what a wise man is and what his behavior grants him. A man of wisdom has many characteristic aspects that make him ‘wise’, these are made very clear in the book of Proverbs. King Solomon, being granted the wisest man, was the author to most of the proverbs that offer the descriptions of both a wise and unwise man. Some of the aspects to a wise man are hard to honor, but that is what makes a man wise, and gives him the benefits and good fortune in his life. The beginning of Proverbs gives general advice and guidance for children.These are known as Solomon’s Wise Lessons. In this section of the book the verses are aimed at children being taught a lesson by his or her elders. The few stories consist of rejecting wisdom, benefits of wisdom, and warnings against adultery/adulteresses and folly. If you reject wisdom, then you chose not to fear the Lord as well, and will be filled with your own ways. â€Å"Si nce they hated knowledge and did not choose to fear the Lord, since they would not accept my advice and spurned my rebuke, they will eat the fruit of their ways and be filled with the fruit of their schemes. (NIV, Proverbs 1:29-31) The other main point in the beginning of the book was the warnings against adultery. A wise man is to keep just to his wife, and only his wife, even though the adulteress is very persuasive and crafty. â€Å"Say to wisdom â€Å"you are my sister,† and call understanding your kinsman; they will keep you from the adulteress, from the wayward wife with her seductive words. † (NIV, Proverbs 7:4-5) The men that did subdue to the adulteress were throwing their lives away. The second section of the book of Proverbs is all proverbs from King Solomon. In these proverbs he describes a wise man and an unwise man.A lot of the time he refers to them as simple and righteous. He demonstrates how a righteous man would act compared to a simple or unrighteous man in lots of different situations. These situations include ones like â€Å"The wise in heart accept commands, but the chattering fool comes to ruin. † (NIV, Proverbs 10:8) â€Å"A gossip betrays a confidence, but a trustworthy man keeps a secret. † (NIV, Proverbs 11:13) â€Å"A mocker seeks wisdom and finds none, but the knowledge comes easy to the discerning. † (NIV, Proverbs 14:6) These are just a few of them; I could keep going and going.Proverbs 10:8 means that the wise people will listen and be obedient to the Lord. This obedience will be shown through God, and will bring them good fortune. If you refuse God’s commands then that shows your true character. Those that choose not to obey, and instead rebel, while thinking that they are standing up for their proud heart, will be going against their best interests. Proverbs 11:13 is saying that we should not trust people who gossip or spread stories about other people. And, if we do trust these gossip ing people then we can be considered to be fools because we could not trust them with the secrets that we tell them.Basically, choose your friendships carefully, and make sure they have the same values as you do. Proverbs 14:6 means that those seeking for wisdom without the right reason, lets say for pride or only when they need it instead of for the glory of God don’t receive wisdom. God doesn’t want to reveal the wisdom to anyone unless they are there to serve him and are humble. Someone who has an attitude that is bashful against the spiritual truth and that only picks which truth he wants to hear in order to profit himself is the scorner, and will not be granted his wishes.According to Providence Baptist Ministries, â€Å"The right attitude makes learning easy. † That is very understandable to me. As children, most people would say that their parents taught them the ‘golden rule’. The golden rule being, ‘treat others as you would like to b e treated’. I think that this rule applies a lot to the book Proverbs in the Bible. If you act well and not in sin then you get good fortune and a good afterlife, but if you don’t act in such a way, then you will get bad fortune and a bad afterlife.The book of Proverbs is known as a book of wisdom and is taught as in a classroom setting, as if you are learning valuable life lessons while reading these books. It’s this setting and perspective that allows this book to be so effective in teaching what the characteristics are and how to become a ‘wise man’. If you just follow these simple tasks that are outlined for you then you can live a happy life in prosperity and health. Works Cited â€Å"Bible Study Courses. † Proverbs Chapter 10. Providence Baptist Ministries, 2004. Web. 16 June 2012. . â€Å"Bible Study Courses. † Proverbs Chapter 14. Providence Baptist Ministries, 2004. Web. 18 June 2012. . Linda. â€Å"Proverbs-A Bible Study. â €  : Proverbs 11: 13 Gossip vs. A Faithful Spirit. N. p. , 17 Sept. 2009. Web. 16 June 2012. . â€Å"New International Version of The Holy Bible. † The Book of Proverbs. Published in Grand Rapids, Michigan. 1984. Print. June 16-18, 2012.

Friday, November 8, 2019

Literary Wit and Wisdom

Literary Wit and Wisdom Chinua Achebe (1930-2013, Nigeria): â€Å"We cannot trample upon the humanity of others without devaluing our own. The Igbo, always practical, put it concretely in their proverb Onye ji onye nani ji onwe ya: He who will hold another down in the mud must stay in the mud to keep him down,† The Education of a British-Protected Child. Jorge Luis Borges (1899-1986, Argentina): â€Å"You cant measure time by days, the way you measure money by dollars and cents, because dollars are all the same while every day is different and maybe every hour as well.† Willa Cather (1873-1947, United States): â€Å"In great misfortunes, people want to be alone. They have a right to be. And the misfortunes that occur within one are the greatest. Surely the saddest thing in the world is falling out of loveif once one has ever fallen in,† The Professor’s House. Kate Chopin (1850-1904, United States): â€Å"Some people are born with a vital and responsive energy. It not only enables them to keep abreast of the times; it qualifies them to furnish in their own personality a good bit of the motive power to the mad pace. They are fortunate beings. They do not need to apprehend the significance of things. They do not grow weary nor miss step, nor do they fall out of rank and sink by the wayside to be left contemplating the moving procession, The Awakening.    Victor Hugo (1802-1885, France) â€Å"What Is Love? I have met in the streets a very poor young man who was in love. His hat was old, his coat worn, the water passed through his shoes and the stars through his soul. Samuel Johnson (1709-1784, England): â€Å"A writer only begins a book. A reader finishes it.† George Orwell (1903-1950, England) â€Å"A writer only begins a book. A reader finishes it, 1984. Natsume SÃ… seki (1867-1916, Japan) â€Å"Approach everything rationally, and you become harsh. Pole along in the stream of emotions, and you will be swept away by the current. Give free rein to your desires, and you become uncomfortably confined. It is not a very agreeable place to live, this world of ours, The Three-Cornered World. John Steinbeck (1902-1968, United States) â€Å"Its so much darker when a light goes out than it would have been if it had never shone, The Winter of Our Discontent. Jonathan Swift (1667-1745, Ireland) â€Å"You should never be ashamed to admit you have been wrong. It only proves you are wiser today than yesterday. Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910, Russia) â€Å"If, then, I were asked for the most important advice I could give, that which I considered to be the most useful to the men of our century, I should simply say: in the name of God, stop a moment, cease your work, look around you, Essays, Letters and Miscellanies. Edith Wharton (1862-1937, United States) â€Å"A classic is classic not because it conforms to certain structural rules, or fits certain definitions (of which its author had quite probably never heard). It is classic because of a certain eternal and irrepressible freshness.† Émile Zola (1840-1902, France) â€Å"If people can just love each other a little bit, they can be so happy,† Germinal.

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Lost in Yonkers essays

Lost in Yonkers essays (Read this play cause my group preformed it, Extra Credit.) It is 1942, Eddie, a widower is forced to face his mother and persuade her to take care of his two sons for a year while he travels to his new defense job to earn money for his family. There in Yonkers we meet Aunt Bella, who seems to be absent minded, but still has a good heart. Also Uncle Louie, a small time gangster, and Aunt Gert, who was forced as a child to hold her breath while she slept which caused her to forget to stop talking when she was breathing in. Grandma Kurnitz is made of steel, born out of a resolve to survive and live through the pain of survival. The main characters of the read were Jay, Arty, Uncle Louie, Eddie, Aunt Bella, Aunt Gert, and Grandma Kurnitz. Jay, is Eddies son and Arties older brother. He is in him early teens and wants to help out his father all he can, being the naive kid he is, he thinks he can leave Yonkers and go out and start his own life and make money to help out his father. Arty is Jays younger brother and has more of a sense of humor than Jay does. Hes got a fire to him that most kids his age dont have, his sarcasm through out the book was very funny at some times. Like Jay their Uncle Louie also intimidates him. Uncle Louie is a small time gangster with bigger projects on his mind. In his mind he is none other than Humphrey Bogart. He is in trouble with some bad company and decides to hide out for awhile at his mothers house. While there he teaches Jay and Artie what he thinks life is all about. They sneak out at night and steal ice cream from Grandmas store. Aunt Bella is a kind-hearted woman with finding true love always on her mind. She is a little slow upstairs, you might say that the wheel is still turning but the hamster is dead. Because of this she tends to be less afraid of spiting her mother. I think we could produce this play at Lehi high ...

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Barbra's final wishes Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Care Plan for Old Aged Woman with Lung Cancer - Assignment Example The plan begins with the demographic information of the patient; following is our clients care plan details and the recommendations given to help her during her period of grieving and management of the diagnosed condition (Weber & Kelley, 2003). Barbara James is a retired teacher who was just diagnosed with lung cancer. Besides, the patient lost her long-term partner of sixty years. The diagnosis has changed her entire life because it has changed her mood and emotional status. This brought many changes in her life especially when it came to coping with how to start living life with her when she was used to living with her husband. This prompted her to seek assistance from the hospice on how to cope with the disease, the grief, and resource to help her in it together with financial help. The plan developed will help the patient, the friends of the patient and other parties take effective measures in helping the patient manage conditions. Madrid is a football-loving region and Barbara James as a resided said, â€Å" I would love to watch a Real Madrid match at least once per month or just one of their matches now that am a great Madrid fan.† This shows that she has an attachment to the cultural and social aspect of the city because the region has a massive following of sporting activities with football taking the largest share. The plan will ensure Barbara get to view her preferred team play by ensuring she has a for the matches played at home ground and occasionally attending selected away games (Tompkins, 2003). Li et al (2014) ascribe that caregiving should meet the preferences and goals of the customer. Therefore, the hospice team must tailor the approach to meet any goal identified.

Friday, November 1, 2019

China Oil Diplomacy In Africa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

China Oil Diplomacy In Africa - Essay Example The Sino-African trade alignment is one such relationship between countries, which has raised many interesting issues at the international forum. The fact of the matter is that China requires oil for its fast growing industries, which Africa can offer, and Africa requires financial and development support, which China can provide. From the traditional Ricardian comparative cost advantage framework, each country specializes in producing and exporting the goods, which they produce at a lower relative cost than other countries. It is because each country is endowed with certain specific factors by nature, which places them in a unique position to produce certain goods at a cheaper cost than others. Hence a country which can produce a commodity at a cheaper price is in a position to compete with others whose cost of production is dearer. For example, China, because of its capabilities in producing and exporting textiles at a cheaper price in comparison with other countries, is better suited to supply textile products to Africa. At the same time, if China throw all its might in trying to extract oil from its own geographical bound aries, the unit cost of oil would be dearer in comparison with the oil they can import from, say, Angola. In such a situation, it is better for China to supply its cheaper textile products to Angola, and import its oil requirement from Angola. Thus, on account of inbuilt comparative advantages, international trade is beneficial for both the partner countries. On account of China's oil and other natural resources requirements, and China's capabilities in providing development assistance and technical support to Africa, both China and the African countries are better placed to enter into relationship with each other to mutually benefit from trade. Africa is looking for new development opportunities. Old actors such as Japan, the US and the EU and their African strategies did not go well with Africa. It is also evident that the African continent is growing fast on account of Sino-African relationships, in recent years. Further, during the China Africa Summit, China offered quick packages to Africa, which further strengthened the bond between Africa and China. However, the West looks at China's oil diplomacy in Africa with suspicion, and some critiques argue that China's engagement with Africa does not wear a human face. Hence it calls for an enquiry into the type of role played by China in the African continent to gauge the pros and cons in the Sino-Africa bilateral relationships. In an effort in this direction, I gather the views of various scholars in Sino-African studies and review the literature pertaining to China - Africa in section 2. Based on reliable data sources, I assess the trend in China's trade with Africa in section 3. The conclusions of this study are presented in section 4. Section 2: Literature Review: China's oil diplomacy springs from its quest for oil to feed its economic growth momentum. A steady overseas oil supply in the current geopolitical scenario can be a critical task. China's own experience in procuring oil from outside sources indicate that buying oil from overseas is a poor option compared with control